Bowel

  • Egypt
    • Mummification in,
      • four organs —
        • the liver, lungs, stomach, and intestines
          • placed in separate canopic jars.
        • protected by one of the four sons of Horus
        •  four gods in ancient Egyptian religion,
        • personifications of the four canopic jars
        • associated with one of the four cardinal directions
        • north, east, south, and west
    • China the organs are
    • associated with the seven bodily orifices.
    • Tibetan endless knot.
      Decorative form of the Tibetan endless knot
      More complex form of the endless knot seen on a c. 400-year-old Chinese lacquerware dish
      Terracotta Humbaba mask from Ur, Iraq. 2004–1595 BCE. Sulaymaniyah Museum, Iraq

      Greek gorgoneion painted in the glazing on the bottom of an Ancient Greek cup, end of 6th century BCE, National Library of France, Paris